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GNDU Question Paper 2023
B.B.A 2
nd
Semester
Paper-ENC-151: English (Compulsory)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks:50
Note: Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION-A
I Do as directed:
(a) Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use '-ing':
(1) It was a beautiful day, so I suggested _____________.
(2) It was very funny. I couldn't stop ______________.
(b) Put in to or for:
(3) We stopped __________ petrol.
(4) I had to put on my glasses _________ read the paper.
(5) You need a lot of experience ________ this job.
(c) Put the verb in the correct form, '-ing' or to :
(6) Has it stopped __________ yet? (rain)
(7) I refuse ___________ any more questions. (answer)
(d) Put in a/an or some where necessary:
(8) I've seen ___________ good films recently.
(9) When I was ____________ child, I used to be very shy.
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(10) Would you like to be ____________ actor?
Do as directed:
(a) Choose the correct form of the verb, singular or plural
(1) Gymnastics is/are my favourite sport
(2) Physics was/were my best subject at school.
(3) It's a nice place to visit. The people is/are very friendly.
( b) Put in 'the' or 'a' where necessary:
(4) Who is __________ Doctor Johnson ?
(5) I was ill, so I went to see _________ Doctor.
(6) There was __________ piano in the corner of the room.
(c) Make sentences beginning. Having...... Put the words in correct order:
(7) (tickets/the theatre/bought/into/our/went/we)
Having………………….
(8) (journey/their/had/they/lunch/continued)
Having………………..
(9) (the/coffee/shopping/I/a cup/went/done/for/of)
Having........................
(10) (went/she/work/her/home/finished)
Having...................
SECTION-B
III. Write a letter to your friend inviting him to your sister's wedding.
Or
Write a letter to your landlord pointing out the need for repairing and whitewashing the
house you occupy.
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IV. Do as directed:
(a) Use the words in brackets to make sentences using
There is /There was etc.:
(1) I can hear footsteps (somebody/come)
There ______________
(2) We were the only guests at the hotel.
(nobody else/stay there)
(3) The college offers English courses in the evening.
(a course/begin/next Monday)
(b) Make one sentence from two. Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause.
Use who(m)/whose/which/where.
4) The next stadium will be finished next month.
(It can hold 90,000 people)
(5) Alaska is the largest State in the USA.
(My brother lives there)
(6) Our teacher was very kind.
(I have forgotten her name)
(c) Put in 'that' or 'what':
(7) Did you hear ___________ they said ?
(8) Why do you blame me for everything ____________ goes wrong?
(9) I don't agree with ___________ you've just said.
(10)I don't trust him. I don't believe anything ____________ he says.
SECTION-C
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V. Attempt any Two:
(a) Write a character sketch of Bishen Singh.
(Toba Tek Singh)
(b) Write a note on the author's attitude towards Kelveys and Burnell girls.
(The Doll's House)
(c) Describe Eveline's relationship with Frank.
VI.(a) Discuss the theme of the story 'The Taboo'.
(b) Explain the process of transformation in the personality of Prabhat.
(A Strand of Cotton)
SECTION-D
VII.(a) Write a note on R.K. Narayan's concept of beauty in 'Beauty and the Beast'.
(b) Justify the title 'With a Song on their Lips' as used by Hugh and Colleen Gantzer.
VIIL (a) Bring but the element of humour in 'My Financial Career'.
(b) Describe the sufferings and hardships of AIDS patients and the people connected with
them.
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GNDU Answer Paper 2023
B.B.A 2
nd
Semester
Paper-ENC-151: English (Compulsory)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks:50
Note: Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION-A
I Do as directed:
(a) Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use '-ing':
(1) It was a beautiful day, so I suggested _____________.
(2) It was very funny. I couldn't stop ______________.
Ans: It was a beautiful day, so I suggested going for a walk.
It was very funny. I couldn't stop laughing
(b) Put in to or for:
(3) We stopped __________ petrol.
(4) I had to put on my glasses _________ read the paper.
(5) You need a lot of experience ________ this job.
Ans: We stopped for petrol.
I had to put on my glasses to read the paper.
You need a lot of experience for this job
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(c) Put the verb in the correct form, '-ing' or to :
(6) Has it stopped __________ yet? (rain)
(7) I refuse ___________ any more questions. (answer)
Ans: Has it stopped raining yet?
I refuse to answer any more questions.
(d) Put in a/an or some where necessary:
(8) I've seen ___________ good films recently.
(9) When I was ____________ child, I used to be very shy.
(10) Would you like to be ____________ actor?
Ans: I've seen some good films recently.
When I was a child, I used to be very shy.
Would you like to be an actor?
Do as directed:
(a) Choose the correct form of the verb, singular or plural
(1) Gymnastics is/are my favourite sport
(2) Physics was/were my best subject at school.
(3) It's a nice place to visit. The people is/are very friendly.
Ans: Gymnastics is my favourite sport.
Physics was my best subject at school.
It's a nice place to visit. The people are very friendly.
(b) Put in 'the' or 'a' where necessary:
(4) Who is __________ Doctor Johnson ?
(5) I was ill, so I went to see _________ Doctor.
(6) There was __________ piano in the corner of the room.
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Ans: Who is the Doctor Johnson?
I was ill, so I went to see a doctor.
There was a piano in the corner of the room.
(c) Make sentences beginning. Having...... Put the words in correct order:
(7) (tickets/the theatre/bought/into/our/went/we)
Having………………….
(8) (journey/their/had/they/lunch/continued)
Having………………..
(9) (the/coffee/shopping/I/a cup/went/done/for/of)
Having........................
(10) (went/she/work/her/home/finished)
Having...................
Ans: Having bought the theatre tickets, we went into the theatre.
Having had lunch, they continued their journey.
Having done the shopping, I went for a cup of coffee.
Having finished her work, she went home.
SECTION-B
III. Write a letter to your friend inviting him to your sister's wedding.
Or
Ans: House No. 214
Sandhu Colony
Batala Road, Amritsar
14 March 2026
Dear Friend,
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I hope this letter finds you in the best of health and happiness. It has been quite some time
since we last met, and I often remember the wonderful moments we spent together. I am
writing this letter to share a piece of very happy news with you and to invite you to a special
occasion in my family.
I am delighted to tell you that my sister’s wedding has been fixed and the ceremony will
take place on the 25th of April at our home in Amritsar. Our entire family is very excited and
busy with the wedding preparations. As you know, a wedding in an Indian family is a very
joyful event filled with traditions, celebrations, and the gathering of relatives and friends.
Everyone in our house is working hard to make the function memorable and enjoyable.
Several ceremonies will take place before the wedding day. The engagement ceremony will
be followed by the mehndi and sangeet functions. These events will be full of music,
dancing, and laughter. All our relatives from different cities will be coming to attend the
wedding, and the house will soon be full of guests and happiness. The wedding ceremony
will take place in the evening, and afterwards there will be a grand dinner for all the guests.
On this joyful occasion, it would mean a lot to me and my family if you could come and join
us. Your presence will make the celebration even more special. We have shared many happy
moments together, and I would truly like you to be part of this important event in my
family. I am sure you will enjoy meeting my relatives and participating in all the wedding
celebrations.
I request you to arrive at least two or three days before the wedding so that we can spend
some time together and you can also help us in the preparations. It will be a great
opportunity for us to relive our old memories and create some new ones as well. I promise
that we will have a wonderful time together during the celebrations.
Please convey my regards to your parents and family members. I sincerely hope that you
will accept my invitation and come to attend the wedding. I am eagerly waiting for your
reply and looking forward to seeing you soon.
With lots of love and warm wishes,
Yours lovingly,
[Your Name]
Write a letter to your landlord pointing out the need for repairing and whitewashing the
house you occupy.
Ans: Subject: Request for Repairing and Whitewashing of the House
Dear [Landlord’s Name],
I hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits. I am writing to bring to your
attention the condition of the house that I currently occupy under your ownership. While I
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have always appreciated the comfort and convenience of living here, I feel it is important to
point out certain issues that now require immediate attention, particularly in terms of
repairing and whitewashing.
Over the past few months, I have noticed that several parts of the house have begun to
show signs of wear and tear. The walls, which were once bright and welcoming, have now
become dull and stained due to dust, moisture, and the passage of time. In some areas, the
paint has started peeling off, leaving patches that not only look unpleasant but also expose
the walls to further damage. Whitewashing would not only restore the aesthetic appeal of
the house but also protect the walls from deterioration.
Additionally, there are certain repairs that need to be carried out urgently. The wooden
doors and windows have become creaky and loose, making them difficult to operate. A few
window panes are cracked, which poses a safety risk. The plumbing system also requires
attention, as there are minor leakages in the bathroom and kitchen taps. These issues,
though small individually, collectively affect the comfort and functionality of the house.
Timely repairs would prevent them from escalating into bigger problems.
I believe that maintaining the house in good condition is in the best interest of both the
tenant and the landlord. For me, as a tenant, it ensures a safe and pleasant living
environment. For you, as the landlord, it preserves the value of your property and enhances
its longevity. A well-maintained house also reflects positively on your reputation as a
responsible property owner.
I assure you that I have taken care of the house to the best of my ability, keeping it clean
and orderly. However, certain tasks such as repairing structural issues and whitewashing
require professional intervention, which is beyond my scope as a tenant. I kindly request
you to arrange for these repairs and whitewashing at the earliest possible convenience.
I am confident that once these improvements are made, the house will regain its charm and
provide a healthier and more comfortable living space. I am also willing to cooperate fully
during the process, whether it involves adjusting my schedule to allow workers access or
ensuring that the work is carried out smoothly.
Thank you for your attention to this matter. I trust that you will consider my request
positively and take the necessary steps soon. I look forward to your response and to
continuing our cordial landlord-tenant relationship.
Yours sincerely, [Your Name]
IV. Do as directed:
(a) Use the words in brackets to make sentences using
There is /There was etc.:
(1) I can hear footsteps (somebody/come)
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There ______________
(2) We were the only guests at the hotel.
(nobody else/stay there)
(3) The college offers English courses in the evening.
(a course/begin/next Monday)
Ans: There is somebody coming.
There was nobody else staying there.
There is a course beginning next Monday.
(b) Make one sentence from two. Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause.
Use who(m)/whose/which/where.
4) The next stadium will be finished next month.
(It can hold 90,000 people)
(5) Alaska is the largest State in the USA.
(My brother lives there)
(6) Our teacher was very kind.
(I have forgotten her name)
Ans: The next stadium will be finished next month which can hold 90,000 people.
Alaska is the largest State in the USA where my brother lives.
Our teacher was very kind whose name I have forgotten.
(c) Put in 'that' or 'what':
(7) Did you hear ___________ they said ?
(8) Why do you blame me for everything ____________ goes wrong?
(9) I don't agree with ___________ you've just said.
(10)I don't trust him. I don't believe anything ____________ he says.
Ans: Did you hear what they said?
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Why do you blame me for everything that goes wrong?
I don't agree with what you've just said.
I don't trust him. I don't believe anything that he says.
SECTION-C
V. Attempt any Two:
(a) Write a character sketch of Bishen Singh.
(Toba Tek Singh)
Ans: Character Sketch of Bishen Singh (Toba Tek Singh)
Bishen Singh is the central character in the famous short story “Toba Tek Singh” written by
the renowned Urdu writer Saadat Hasan Manto. The story is set in the period after the
Partition of India in 1947, when India and Pakistan became two separate countries. During
this time, the governments of both nations decided to exchange the inmates of mental
asylums according to their religions. Through the character of Bishen Singh, Manto presents
the pain, confusion, and tragedy caused by the partition.
Bishen Singh is a Sikh inmate in a mental asylum in Lahore. He has been living in the asylum
for about fifteen years. One of the most noticeable features of his character is his strange
language. He often speaks in meaningless and mixed phrases such as “Upar di gur gur di
annexe di bedhiyana di moong di daal…”. Although his words sound nonsensical, they
reflect the confusion and disorder of the world around him. His unusual speech also
symbolizes the mental state of people who were deeply disturbed by the events of
partition.
Another important aspect of Bishen Singh’s character is his strong attachment to his
homeland, Toba Tek Singh, which is the name of a town in Punjab. He repeatedly asks the
guards and other inmates whether Toba Tek Singh is in India or Pakistan. This question
becomes an obsession for him. No one in the asylum is able to give him a clear answer. This
uncertainty reflects the confusion faced by millions of people during partition when borders
were suddenly drawn and people were forced to leave their homes.
Physically, Bishen Singh is described as a man who never lies down to sleep. He is always
seen standing on his swollen legs. Over the years, his legs have become stiff because he
remains standing most of the time. This detail shows both his stubborn nature and his inner
restlessness. His refusal to lie down may also symbolize his refusal to accept the harsh
reality created by political decisions.
Bishen Singh also shows emotional depth when his family visits him once a month. His
relatives come from Toba Tek Singh to see him, and they bring sweets and other things for
him. However, after the partition, these visits stop. This change deeply affects him and
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increases his anxiety about the location of his hometown. Through this part of the story,
Manto highlights the suffering of families who were separated due to the partition.
The most powerful moment in the story comes at the end when the inmates are being
transferred across the border. Bishen Singh is told that Toba Tek Singh is now in Pakistan
and that he must go to India. Confused and unwilling to leave his homeland, he refuses to
move. Finally, he collapses in the narrow strip of land between the two countries—neither
in India nor in Pakistan. This place is called the “no man’s land.”
This ending makes Bishen Singh a powerful symbol of the tragedy of partition. Although he
is considered mad, his actions show a deep sense of identity and belonging. His refusal to
accept the division of his homeland reflects the feelings of countless people who suffered
because of political decisions beyond their control.
In conclusion, Bishen Singh is not just a character but a symbol of the human suffering
caused by the partition of India. Through his confusion, stubbornness, and attachment to his
homeland, Saadat Hasan Manto portrays the emotional and psychological impact of one of
the most painful events in history. Bishen Singh’s tragic end leaves a strong message about
the absurdity of dividing people and their land.
(b) Write a note on the author's attitude towards Kelveys and Burnell girls.
(The Doll's House)
Ans: Introduction
Katherine Mansfield’s short story The Doll’s House is not just about a beautiful toy house
gifted to the Burnell children—it is a subtle critique of class distinctions, social prejudice,
and human attitudes. Through the contrasting treatment of the Burnell girls and the Kelvey
sisters, Mansfield highlights the cruelty of social hierarchies and the innocence of children
who sometimes resist them. The author’s attitude toward these two groups of children is
layered, sympathetic toward the Kelveys, and critical of the Burnells’ pride and exclusivity.
The Burnell Girls
The Burnell sisters—Isabel, Lottie, and Kezia—belong to a well-off family. They receive the
doll’s house as a gift, and their excitement is natural. Mansfield portrays their joy vividly,
showing how children are fascinated by material possessions. However, the author also
reveals how this joy quickly turns into a tool for asserting superiority.
• Isabel’s Pride: Isabel, the eldest, takes charge of showing the doll’s house to her
friends. She uses it as a way to gain importance and authority. Mansfield subtly
criticizes this attitude, showing how children absorb class consciousness from adults.
• Exclusivity: The Burnell girls are instructed not to invite the Kelvey sisters to see the
doll’s house. This exclusion reflects the rigid social divisions of the time. Mansfield’s
tone here is critical, exposing how even innocent play is poisoned by prejudice.
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• Kezia’s Innocence: Among the Burnells, Kezia stands out. She is more compassionate
and less bound by social rules. Her desire to let the Kelveys see the doll’s house
shows Mansfield’s belief in the natural kindness of children before society corrupts
them.
Thus, Mansfield’s attitude toward the Burnell girls is mixed: she acknowledges their childish
excitement but criticizes their pride and the social conditioning that makes them exclude
others.
The Kelvey Sisters
The Kelvey sisters, Lil and Else, are poor children, daughters of a washerwoman. They are
marginalized and ridiculed by society. Mansfield’s portrayal of them is sympathetic and
tender.
• Social Exclusion: The Kelveys are not allowed to mix with other children. They are
treated as outsiders, a reflection of the harsh class divisions in society. Mansfield’s
tone here is compassionate, highlighting the injustice of their situation.
• Humility and Innocence: Lil and Else accept their exclusion quietly. They do not
protest or demand equality. Mansfield portrays them with dignity, showing that
their silence is not weakness but resilience.
• Else’s Joy: The most touching moment is when Kezia allows the Kelveys to see the
doll’s house. Else’s quiet remark—“I seen the little lamp”—captures the beauty of
small joys. Mansfield’s attitude here is deeply empathetic, celebrating the purity of
Else’s happiness despite her poverty.
Through the Kelvey sisters, Mansfield criticizes society’s cruelty and emphasizes the
humanity of those who are marginalized.
Author’s Attitude in Contrast
• Toward the Burnells, Mansfield is critical of their pride, exclusivity, and absorption of
social prejudice. She shows how wealth and status can corrupt innocence.
• Toward the Kelveys, Mansfield is sympathetic, portraying them as victims of unjust
social divisions but also as symbols of quiet dignity and resilience.
The contrast highlights Mansfield’s broader critique of class-based discrimination. She uses
the doll’s house as a metaphor: while the Burnells flaunt it as a status symbol, the Kelveys
find joy in its simplest detail—the little lamp—symbolizing purity and hope.
Implications of Mansfield’s Attitude
• Critique of Class Distinctions: Mansfield exposes the cruelty of dividing children
based on their parents’ social status.
• Sympathy for the Marginalized: By focusing on the Kelveys’ innocence, she urges
readers to empathize with the poor and excluded.
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• Faith in Human Kindness: Through Kezia’s compassion and Else’s joy, Mansfield
suggests that kindness can transcend social barriers.
Conclusion
In The Doll’s House, Katherine Mansfield’s attitude toward the Burnell girls and the Kelvey
sisters reflects her critique of social prejudice. She portrays the Burnells as privileged yet
conditioned by class pride, while the Kelveys are depicted with sympathy and dignity.
Mansfield’s narrative voice is compassionate toward the marginalized and critical of the
exclusivity of the wealthy.
(c) Describe Eveline's relationship with Frank.
Ans: Eveline’s Relationship with Frank
Eveline’s relationship with Frank is an important part of the short story “Eveline” by the
famous Irish writer James Joyce. Frank represents hope, love, and the possibility of a better
life for Eveline. Through her relationship with Frank, we see Eveline’s struggle between her
desire for freedom and her fear of leaving her home and responsibilities.
Frank is introduced in the story as a kind, cheerful, and caring man. He works as a sailor and
has travelled to many different places around the world. Eveline meets him during one of
his visits, and gradually they become close to each other. Frank treats Eveline with respect
and affection, which makes her feel valued and loved. In Eveline’s difficult life, Frank
becomes a source of comfort and happiness.
Eveline’s home life is not pleasant. Her father is often harsh and sometimes violent, and she
has many household responsibilities. After the death of her mother, Eveline has to take care
of the house and her younger siblings. Her life is full of routine, hard work, and emotional
pressure. Because of this, she feels trapped in her home and longs for a change. Frank offers
her an opportunity to escape from this unhappy life.
Frank promises Eveline a new life in Buenos Aires, where they will live together as husband
and wife. He tells her about the places he has visited and the adventures he has
experienced. These stories fascinate Eveline and make her imagine a happier future. With
Frank, she believes she can have a life filled with love, respect, and security. He represents
freedom, romance, and a fresh start.
However, Eveline’s feelings are complex. Although she loves Frank and wants to go with
him, she is also afraid of leaving her home. She remembers the promise she made to her
dying mother to take care of the family. She also feels a deep attachment to the familiar
surroundings of her home, even though they cause her pain. This inner conflict becomes
stronger as the time comes for her to leave with Frank.
At the end of the story, when Eveline and Frank reach the harbour to board the ship, Frank
calls her to come with him. He is eager and ready to start their new life together. But Eveline
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becomes overwhelmed by fear and uncertainty. She feels unable to move forward and
decides to stay behind. Frank calls her name, but she stands still, frozen by her emotions.
This ending shows that although Frank loves Eveline and sincerely wants to help her, her
fear of change and sense of duty are stronger than her desire for freedom. Frank represents
the possibility of escape and happiness, but Eveline is unable to take that step.
In conclusion, Eveline’s relationship with Frank is built on affection, hope, and the promise
of a better future. Frank offers her love and the chance to leave her difficult life behind.
However, Eveline’s emotional conflict and fear prevent her from accepting this opportunity.
Their relationship highlights the central theme of the story—the struggle between freedom
and responsibility, hope and fear.
VI.(a) Discuss the theme of the story 'The Taboo'.
(b) Explain the process of transformation in the personality of Prabhat.
(A Strand of Cotton)
Ans: Introduction
Literature often explores the tension between tradition and change, between social norms
and individual freedom. Two stories—“The Taboo” and “A Strand of Cotton”—deal with
these themes in different ways. “The Taboo” highlights how rigid customs can suppress
human relationships, while “A Strand of Cotton” focuses on the inner transformation of
Prabhat, a character who evolves through self-realization and experience.
(a) Theme of the Story “The Taboo”
“The Taboo” revolves around the destructive power of rigid social customs and prohibitions.
A taboo is a social or cultural restriction that forbids certain actions, often without rational
justification. In the story, the taboo becomes a barrier to human happiness and natural
relationships.
Key Themes:
1. Conflict Between Tradition and Humanity
o The story shows how blind adherence to customs can harm individuals.
o People follow taboos not because they are logical, but because society
enforces them.
2. Suppression of Natural Feelings
o Human emotions like love, compassion, and friendship are suppressed under
the weight of taboos.
o The story critiques how society values rules over genuine human bonds.
3. Social Inequality
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o Taboos often reinforce divisions—between castes, classes, or communities.
o They prevent social mobility and keep marginalized groups excluded.
4. Criticism of Blind Faith
o The author’s attitude is critical of blind faith in customs.
o He suggests that taboos are man-made and can be changed if society chooses
to evolve.
Illustration:
In “The Taboo,” characters who wish to form relationships or act freely are prevented by
rigid prohibitions. The story highlights the pain of individuals who are forced to sacrifice
happiness for the sake of tradition.
Conclusion on Theme:
The central theme of “The Taboo” is that social restrictions, when blindly followed, destroy
human joy and perpetuate inequality. The author urges readers to question customs and
embrace humanity over rigid rules.
(b) Transformation in the Personality of Prabhat (A Strand of Cotton)
“A Strand of Cotton” is a story of personal growth and transformation. Prabhat, the
protagonist, undergoes a significant change in his personality as he confronts life’s realities.
Initial Personality of Prabhat
• Naïve and Innocent: At the beginning, Prabhat is simple-minded, unaware of the
complexities of life.
• Dependent: He relies on others for guidance and does not think independently.
• Bound by Tradition: Like many young men, he accepts customs without questioning
them.
Process of Transformation
Prabhat’s transformation is gradual and shaped by experiences:
1. Exposure to Reality
o Prabhat encounters situations that challenge his beliefs.
o He realizes that customs and traditions are not always just or logical.
2. Inner Conflict
o He struggles between obeying society and listening to his conscience.
o This conflict forces him to reflect deeply on his values.
3. Awakening of Rational Thought
o Prabhat begins to think critically.
o He questions taboos and traditions, recognizing their harmful effects.
4. Emotional Maturity
o He learns to balance emotions with reason.
o His compassion grows, and he becomes more empathetic toward others.
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5. Assertion of Individuality
o Prabhat eventually asserts his independence.
o He chooses to act according to his conscience rather than blindly following
society.
Final Personality of Prabhat
• Confident and Independent: He becomes capable of making his own decisions.
• Rational and Progressive: He values logic and humanity over rigid customs.
• Compassionate: His experiences make him more empathetic and understanding.
• Symbol of Change: Prabhat represents the possibility of transformation in society—
how individuals can break free from tradition and embrace progress.
Comparative Insight
Both “The Taboo” and “A Strand of Cotton” deal with the tension between tradition and
change.
• “The Taboo” shows the destructive power of customs.
• “A Strand of Cotton” shows how an individual (Prabhat) can overcome these
customs through personal growth.
Together, they highlight the author’s broader message: society must evolve, and
individuals must find the courage to challenge unjust traditions.
Conclusion
The theme of “The Taboo” is the critique of rigid customs that suppress human relationships
and perpetuate inequality. In “A Strand of Cotton”, Prabhat’s transformation illustrates the
journey from innocence and dependence to rationality and independence. His personality
change symbolizes hope—that individuals can rise above tradition and embrace humanity.
SECTION-D
VII.(a) Write a note on R.K. Narayan's concept of beauty in 'Beauty and the Beast'.
(b) Justify the title 'With a Song on their Lips' as used by Hugh and Colleen Gantzer.
Ans: VII (a) R.K. Narayan's Concept of Beauty in “Beauty and the Beast”
R.K. Narayan, one of the most famous Indian writers in English literature, often explored
human nature and social values through simple yet meaningful stories. In his essay “Beauty
and the Beast,” Narayan discusses the true meaning of beauty and challenges the common
belief that beauty is only related to physical appearance. According to him, real beauty is
found not in outward looks but in kindness, goodness, and inner qualities of a person.
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In society, people often judge others by their external appearance. Attractive faces,
fashionable clothes, and physical charm are usually considered signs of beauty. However,
Narayan argues that such beauty is temporary and superficial. Physical beauty may attract
attention for a short time, but it does not last forever. Age, illness, and time eventually
change a person’s appearance. Therefore, Narayan suggests that relying only on outward
beauty is a mistake.
Narayan explains that true beauty lies in character and behavior. A person who is honest,
kind, helpful, and compassionate possesses real beauty. Such qualities make a person
admirable and respected by others. For example, someone who helps the poor, treats
others with respect, and behaves with humility shows inner beauty. This type of beauty
remains with a person throughout life and leaves a lasting impression on others.
In the essay, Narayan also points out that sometimes people who appear beautiful on the
outside may have ugly thoughts or bad behavior. They may be selfish, arrogant, or unkind.
In such cases, their outer beauty becomes meaningless because their actions reveal their
true nature. On the other hand, a person who may not look attractive physically can still be
beautiful because of their good heart and noble actions.
Narayan’s idea of beauty is closely connected with moral values and human goodness. He
believes that beauty should not be judged by the eyes alone but by the qualities of the
mind and soul. When a person possesses virtues such as honesty, generosity, patience, and
sympathy, they become truly beautiful.
Another important aspect of Narayan’s concept is that beauty is often misunderstood in
modern society. Advertisements, films, and media frequently promote physical
attractiveness as the most important thing. This creates a false impression that beauty is
mainly about looks. Narayan criticizes this narrow view and encourages readers to
appreciate deeper qualities.
The essay also reminds us that human beings should learn to value people for their inner
character rather than their appearance. When society focuses too much on external
beauty, it can lead to unfair judgments and discrimination. People may ignore those who
are not physically attractive even if they are kind and intelligent. Narayan warns that such
attitudes are harmful and unjust.
Narayan’s message is simple but powerful: real beauty is a reflection of inner goodness. A
person who spreads happiness, shows compassion, and behaves ethically is truly beautiful.
Physical appearance may attract the eye, but inner beauty wins the heart.
In conclusion, R.K. Narayan’s concept of beauty in “Beauty and the Beast” emphasizes the
importance of inner qualities over external appearance. He teaches readers that true
beauty lies in good character, kindness, and moral values. By focusing on inner beauty
rather than physical looks, people can develop better relationships and create a more
compassionate society.
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VII (b) Justify the Title “With a Song on Their Lips” by Hugh and Colleen Gantzer
The essay “With a Song on Their Lips” by Hugh and Colleen Gantzer presents a vivid picture
of the cheerful and hardworking spirit of the Kashmiri boatmen who live and work on the
famous Dal Lake in Srinagar. The title of the essay is very meaningful because it reflects the
positive attitude, happiness, and musical nature of these people, even while they perform
difficult daily work.
The phrase “with a song on their lips” suggests that the boatmen remain joyful and
optimistic. They sing songs while rowing their boats or carrying out their daily activities.
These songs show their love for life, their culture, and their connection with nature.
Singing becomes a way for them to express their feelings and maintain happiness despite
the challenges of their lives.
The Kashmiri boatmen work very hard to earn their living. They spend long hours rowing
their shikaras (traditional wooden boats) across the lake, transporting tourists and goods.
This work requires great physical effort and patience. Despite the difficulties, the boatmen
perform their duties with a smile and a song. Their cheerful attitude reflects their strong
spirit and determination.
The authors describe how these boatmen greet visitors warmly and create a pleasant
atmosphere around the lake. Their songs echo across the calm waters of Dal Lake, adding
beauty and charm to the surroundings. The music of the boatmen becomes a part of the
natural rhythm of life on the lake. It blends with the sound of water, the movement of
boats, and the peaceful environment of Kashmir.
The title also highlights the cultural richness of Kashmir. Music and poetry are important
parts of Kashmiri culture, and the boatmen naturally express themselves through songs.
Their singing reflects their traditions, emotions, and daily experiences. In this way, the title
symbolizes the deep cultural connection between the people and their land.
Another important reason why the title is appropriate is that it represents the human ability
to remain hopeful even in difficult circumstances. Life for the boatmen is not easy. They
face economic problems, uncertain income, and hard physical labor. Yet they do not
complain constantly. Instead, they face life with courage and positivity. Singing while
working becomes a symbol of their strength and resilience.
The authors admire this quality in the boatmen. Through their description, readers
understand that happiness does not depend only on wealth or comfort. Sometimes people
with simple lives and limited resources can still find joy in their daily activities. The
boatmen’s songs show that a positive mindset can make life more meaningful and
enjoyable.
Furthermore, the title captures the overall mood of the essay, which is lively, warm, and
optimistic. The authors want readers to feel the beauty of Dal Lake and the charm of the
people who live there. The image of boatmen rowing their boats while singing creates a
memorable picture in the reader’s mind.
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In conclusion, the title “With a Song on Their Lips” is perfectly suited to the essay because it
reflects the joyful spirit, cultural traditions, and hardworking nature of the Kashmiri
boatmen. It symbolizes their ability to face life’s challenges with courage, optimism, and
music. The title also captures the peaceful and lively atmosphere of Dal Lake, making the
essay both meaningful and inspiring.
VIIL (a) Bring but the element of humour in 'My Financial Career'.
(b) Describe the sufferings and hardships of AIDS patients and the people connected with
them.
Ans: Introduction
Literature and social commentary often use humor and tragedy to highlight human
experiences. In Stephen Leacock’s “My Financial Career”, humor is the central element,
exposing the absurdities of human behavior when faced with intimidating institutions like
banks. In contrast, the topic of AIDS patients and their families is deeply tragic, reflecting the
immense suffering, stigma, and hardships associated with the disease. Together, these two
parts show how literature and life oscillate between laughter and tears, between comic
relief and painful reality.
(a) The Element of Humour in “My Financial Career”
Stephen Leacock’s short story “My Financial Career” is a delightful piece of comic writing. It
narrates the author’s awkward experience of opening a bank account, turning a simple act
into a hilarious misadventure.
Sources of Humor
1. Exaggeration of Fear
o Leacock describes his nervousness in exaggerated terms. He feels intimidated
by the bank’s grandeur and the staff’s formality.
o His fear is so intense that he cannot perform simple tasks like filling out a
form or speaking clearly.
2. Situational Comedy
o The humor arises from ordinary situations made absurd by the narrator’s
clumsiness.
o For example, instead of depositing money, he accidentally withdraws it,
leaving the bank staff confused.
3. Self-Deprecation
o Leacock laughs at himself, portraying his incompetence in a light-hearted
way.
o His inability to handle financial matters makes readers sympathize with him
while also finding his actions amusing.
4. Irony
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o The irony lies in the fact that a simple task like opening a bank account
becomes a monumental challenge.
o The narrator’s seriousness contrasts with the triviality of the situation,
creating comic effect.
Overall Effect
The humor in “My Financial Career” is gentle and relatable. Many readers have felt nervous
in formal institutions, and Leacock magnifies this common experience into a comic
masterpiece. His attitude is not bitter but playful, inviting readers to laugh at human folly.
(b) Sufferings and Hardships of AIDS Patients and Their Families
While Leacock’s story makes us laugh, the reality of AIDS patients and their families evokes
compassion and sorrow. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the HIV
virus, which weakens the immune system, making patients vulnerable to infections and
diseases. Beyond medical suffering, AIDS brings social stigma, emotional pain, and economic
hardship.
1. Physical Sufferings of Patients
• Weak Immune System: Patients suffer frequent infections, fevers, weight loss, and
fatigue.
• Chronic Illness: AIDS is incurable, and patients live with constant health challenges.
• Side Effects of Treatment: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps control the disease but
often causes side effects like nausea, headaches, and weakness.
2. Emotional and Psychological Hardships
• Fear and Anxiety: Patients live with the fear of death and uncertainty about the
future.
• Depression: Continuous illness and social rejection often lead to depression.
• Loneliness: Many patients feel isolated, as friends and relatives may avoid them due
to stigma.
3. Social Stigma and Discrimination
• Prejudice: AIDS patients are often judged unfairly, associated with immorality or
irresponsibility.
• Isolation: Communities may exclude patients, treating them as outcasts.
• Impact on Families: Families of patients also face discrimination, with children
sometimes ostracized in schools.
4. Economic Hardships
• Medical Expenses: Treatment and medicines are costly, burdening families
financially.
• Loss of Employment: Patients often lose jobs due to illness or discrimination.
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• Poverty Cycle: Families may fall into poverty due to medical costs and loss of
income.
5. Impact on Families
• Emotional Burden: Family members suffer seeing their loved ones in pain.
• Social Pressure: Families face questions, gossip, and judgment from society.
• Children’s Suffering: Children of AIDS patients may lose parental care, face stigma,
and struggle with education.
6. Broader Social Implications
• AIDS is not just a medical issue but a social one.
• It highlights the need for awareness, compassion, and support systems.
• Governments and NGOs play a crucial role in providing healthcare, counseling, and
education to reduce stigma.
Contrast Between Humor and Tragedy
• In “My Financial Career”, humor arises from human weakness in a harmless
situation.
• In the case of AIDS, human weakness is exploited by disease and stigma, leading to
immense suffering.
• Together, they remind us that life is a blend of laughter and sorrow, and literature
helps us understand both dimensions.
Conclusion
Stephen Leacock’s “My Financial Career” uses humor to show how ordinary situations can
become absurd when fear and nervousness take over. It makes readers laugh at human folly
in a gentle, relatable way. On the other hand, the sufferings of AIDS patients and their
families highlight the tragic side of human life—physical pain, emotional distress, social
stigma, and economic hardship.
“This paper has been carefully prepared for educational purposes. If you notice any mistakes or
have suggestions, feel free to share your feedback.”
